To patients, an emergency is any medical condition which
is new, unexpected, worse than usual, uncontrolled, of unknown origin, not responding to treatment, not going away and interrupts normal life.
However, to physicians and other health care personnel, the definition of an emergency is specific.
An emergent medical condition is one that
- Threatens life
- Threatens one or more limbs
- Threatens vision/hearing/speech/mental function/ function of any major internal organ or organ system
- Has the potential, if not treated promptly, to cause death or long term and/or permanent harm.
Some examples of conditions that meet this definition are
- Acute changes in heart function, like a myocardial infarction (heart attack), arrhythmia (abnormal heart rate or rhythm) or congestive failure (poor pumping capacity)
- Acute brain conditions including stroke, head trauma, seizure, psychosis
- Pulmonary (lung) dysfunction including pulmonary embolus (blood clot), severe pneumonia, asthma or COPD
- Multiple trauma , including large burns or trauma to any major organ
- Significant changes in components of the blood; for example high blood sugar, low blood potassium, low platelets
- Severe depression
When should you suspect any of these conditions?
The SYMPTOMS of an emergency include
- Shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing, especially if not associated with exertion
- Uncontrollable bleeding
- A seizure, especially in a person with no previous diagnosis of seizures
- Sudden or severe loss or difficulty with vision, hearing , speech, or other functions such as swallowing, thinking, walking, passing urine or stool
- Fainting, passing out, loss of consciousness
- Hallucinations, confusion, thoughts or threats of harm to self or others
- In a pregnant woman- any of the above plus loss of fetal movement
You notice that I did not list PAIN and FEVER. Even though these are symptoms that concern patients the most, BY THEMSELVES they do not define an emergent condition. However, if they occur with any of the other symptoms, or are severe, then it is reasonable to call it an emergency.
The COVID-19 pandemic presented some unique challenges in emergency room use, I discuss those in this article.
Reliable keys to recognize a medical emergency
How to know when an ER visit is needed for a medical problem
Keep readingChest pain must always be taken seriously, even if mild.
Although in persons under 40 years old it is less likely due to a heart attack, there are other life threatening conditions that can occur in this age group. Again, especially if it is associated with any of the other symptoms, it is emergent.
So assuming it is an emergency, what do you do now? You do not call your doctor’s office or answering service, your mother, your best friend, or post a question on social media (which I have seen done!)
IN AN EMERGENCY CALL 911!
If it’s not an emergency but is urgent, then the next best options are calling your doctor’s office or going to an urgent care clinic. Posting on social media is still a bad choice. Do you really want your “friends” giving you medical advice about something they know nothing about?
Now, some doctors may disagree with this- but I think it is acceptable to go to an emergency room for problems that are serious but not emergencies. Since an emergency center is staffed 24/7, it should be utilized; there’s no reason to waste our health care resources. And sometimes it may be your only choice- if your doctor’s office is closed or the schedule full, if you are away from home, or you don’t have a primary care physician.
Just be aware if you go to an emergency room instead of an office, clinic or urgent care facility you may
- Wait longer to be treated
- Pay more for that treatment
That brings me to my final point. There are
10 Things to Know Before Your Next Visit to the Emergency Department
that Dr. Kristin Prentiss Ott and I want you to know. She is an emergency physician who knows exactly what an emergency is . In my career I have worked in ERs so I can attest to the accuracy of what she writes. I hope you never need to go to an emergency room, but if you do, keep her advice in mind.
watercress words by Dr Aletha 