Category: Health

How to be Aware and Prepared for Measles

My home state Oklahoma confirmed its first two measles cases on March 11, 2025, linked to outbreaks in neighboring Texas and New Mexico. This is added to outbreaks in at least 12 other states. Viruses don’t recognize state lines or international borders, so everyone needs to be aware and prepared for its arrival.

I live in Oklahoma, and depending on where you live you may or may not know where that is.

My state lies in the south-central part of the United States, often called the Plains. You may be familiar with Texas, a large state that shares its southern border with Mexico.

Oklahoma shares its southern border with Texas. We also border five other states-Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and New Mexico.

With measles cases reported in Texas and New Mexico, it’s not surprising it has crossed over into Oklahoma. Rather, people infected with the measles virus have crossed over.

According to the CDC,

“As of March 6, 2025, a total of 222 measles cases were reported by 12 jurisdictions: Alaska, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, and Washington.”

Why should you care? Lots of people will travel over Spring Break, which starts here next week. In two months schools close for the summer and families travel on vacations. When people travel, the viruses they carry go with them.

More states, and maybe countries, may join the list of measles outbreaks. Here is the report from Oklahoma Voice about the infections in my home state.

First measles cases reported in Oklahoma, but public health officials remain mum on details

by Emma Murphy, Oklahoma Voice
March 11, 2025

OKLAHOMA CITY — State health officials on Tuesday ( March 11, 2025) said they’ve confirmed the first two cases of measles in Oklahoma amid an ongoing outbreak in Texas and New Mexico.

But Oklahoma State Health Department officials did not share where in Oklahoma those cases were diagnosed or how old the individuals are.

They said they believe the exposures were associated with the outbreak in Texas and New Mexico, which is confirmed to have killed one child and sickened over 250 people.

Erica Rankin, a spokesperson for the state health department, said Oklahoma’s two cases present “no further risk to public safety.” The agency only releases geographic information about measles cases when there is a “public health risk” and all potential exposures cannot be identified. Three or more related cases is considered an outbreak, she said. 

It was unclear Tuesday afternoon whether the individuals were vaccinated against the measles.

Health officials did say the two cases are unrelated to an erroneous report of measles in Bartlesville on March 4. The two confirmed cases have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and are under investigation.

With outbreaks in neighboring states, the Oklahoma Health Department, or OSDH, has been on “high alert” and monitoring for cases in the state, according to a statement from the department. 

“If a measles case is identified, the OSDH team will work with the individual on next steps and guidance to mitigate the spread and protect others. If there is a risk of spread to the public, the OSDH will notify the public and share any information necessary to protect the health of Oklahomans.”

“These cases highlight the importance of being aware of measles activity as people travel or host visitors. When people know they have exposure risk and do not have immunity to measles, they can exclude themselves from public settings for the recommended duration to eliminate the risk of transmission in their community.”

per Kendra Dougherty, the Health Department’s director of Infectious Disease Prevention and Response

Prevention

Measles can be prevented with an MMR vaccine which is recommended for children at 12 to 15 months of age and again at 4 to 6 years old. Receiving two doses of the vaccine is about 97% effective at preventing measles, and one dose is about 93% effective, the Health Department reported in a statement. 

Almost 92% of Oklahoma kindergartners were up to date on their MMR vaccines, according to the 2023-24 Oklahoma Kindergarten Immunization Survey. 

The department recommended that individuals with known exposure to measles who are not immune through vaccination or prior infection consult with a health care provider and “exclude themselves from public settings for 21 days unless symptoms develop.” 

To confirm a report of measles, the case must show symptoms and have a test confirming the diagnosis. 

This story is republished under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Oklahoma Voice is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. Oklahoma Voice maintains editorial independence. Contact Editor Janelle Stecklein for questions: info@oklahomavoice.com.

Measles elsewhere

Here are links to stories about the ongoing outbreaks of measles in New Mexico and Texas.

https://sourcenm.com/2025/03/07/growing-nm-measles-cases-not-a-rapidly-expanding-outbreak-doh-says/
Texas Measles Outbreak Nears 100 Cases, Raising Concerns About Undetected Spread

CDC Key Points about Measles

  • Measles is very contagious and can be serious.
  • Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk.
    • Two doses of MMR vaccine provide the best protection against measles.
Measles is highly contagious.

Exploring the HEART of Health

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Dr. Aletha

The cover image of this post was created by JetPackAI available with WordPress.

How the President Shapes Federal Health Programs

This post, part two of a series, outlines the extensive role of the federal government in U.S. health policy, primarily through the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It discusses the executive branch’s involvement in health regulation, funding, and policy formation, emphasizing the significance of HHS programs and leadership roles.

This is the second post in a series helping us understand the federal government’s role in health policy in the United States. In short, its role is extensive and expensive. You can read the first post here.

The Constitution does not specifically say the government controls or provides healthcare. The Preamble hints with “promote the general welfare”.

Considering how basic and unorganized medical science was in the late 18th century, it’s not surprising they did not consider it in the plans for the new government.

I am publishing a series of posts based on

Congress and the Executive Branch and Health Policy

by Julie Jovner at KFF, an independent source for health policy research, polling, and news, an endowed national nonprofit organization.

Ms. Jovner’s article explains how the three branches of government work together, why the Department of Health and Human Services (and therefore its Secretary) is so important, and the budgeting and regulation processes.

This series is nonpartisan and objective. I made minimal edits to improve readability but retain meaning. I insert comments in parentheses to add clarity.

The photos are for illustration only and are not in the KFF article.

The Executive Branch

This post focuses on the executive branch of government, The White House including the President and his Cabinet, especially the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services.

The President

The executive branch carries out the laws made by Congress and operates the federal health programs, often filling in details Congress has left out through rules and regulations.

Federal workers in the health arena provide direct patient care, regulate how others provide care, set payment rates and policies, conduct medical or health systems research, regulate products sold by the private sector, and manage the billions of dollars the federal government spends on the health-industrial complex.   

Although most of the executive branch’s health policies are implemented by the Department of Health and Human Services (and to a smaller extent, the Departments of Labor and Justice), over the past several decades the White House itself (through the President) has taken on a more prominent role in policy formation.

President Donald Trump visited NIH on March 3, 2020 and toured the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ Vaccine Research Center (VRC) to learn about research on a vaccine for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Most federal health policy is made through the Department of Health and Human Services except for several key areas.

Exceptions include the 

  • Veterans Health Administration, run by the Department of Veterans Affairs;
  •  TRICARE, the health insurance program for active-duty military members and dependents, run by the Defense Department; and the 
  • Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHB), which provides health insurance for civilian federal workers and families and is run by the independent agency the Office of Personnel Management.   

The health-related agencies within HHS are roughly divided into the resource delivery, research, regulatory, and training agencies that comprise the U.S. Public Health Service and the health insurance programs run by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).  

The Surgeon General oversees the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps, an elite group of over 6,000 uniformed officers who are public health professionals. The USPHS mission is to protect, promote, and advance the health of our nation.

The U.S. Public Health Service

Ten of the 13 operating divisions of HHS are part of the U.S. Public Health Service, which also plays a role in U.S. global health programs. They are:  

  • The Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR)
  • The Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health  (ARPA-H)
  • The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)  
  • The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)  
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)  
  • The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)  
  • The Indian Health Service (IHS)  
  • The National Institutes of Health (NIH)  
  • The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)  

CMS

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is by far the largest operating division of HHS. It oversees not just the Medicare and Medicaid programs, but also the federal Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and the health insurance portions of the Affordable Care Act(ObamaCare).

Together, the programs under the auspices of CMS account for nearly a quarter of all federal spending in fiscal 2023, cost an estimated $1.5 Trillion in fiscal 2023, and served more than 170 million Americans – more than half the population.  

KFF’s website content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license that allows for the sharing of our information with proper attribution and without alteration.

End of KFF article

The President’s Cabinet and other Agency Heads

As you can imagine, the leadership organization of HHS is large and complex. At the top is the Secretary, who is a member of the President’s Cabinet , approved by the Senate.

Other key leadership positions, all of which are appointed by the President include

  • U.S. Surgeon General
  • Director of the CDC
  • Commissioner of Food and Drugs (FDA)
  • Director of the NIH
  • Director of the National Library of Medicine
  • Administrator of CMS
James H. Shannon Building (Building One), NIH campus, Bethesda, MD
James H. Shannon Building (Building One), NIH campus, Bethesda, MD

Looking ahead-Congress

In the next post in this series, we will consider Congress’s role in overseeing these agencies and, most importantly, funding them.

“How Congress oversees the federal health care-industrial complex is almost as byzantine as the U.S. health system itself.

Jurisdiction and responsibility for various health agencies and policies is divided among more than two dozen committees in the House and Senate.”

KFF

Exploring the HEART of Health

I took the cover photo for this post at the Reagan Presidential Library in California. It is a replica of the Oval Office during his administration.

Thanks for getting through another post that’s maybe more informative than inspiring. I hope you learned something.

I’d love for you to follow this blog. I share information and inspiration to help you transform challenges into opportunities for learning and growth.

Add your name to the subscribe box to be notified of new posts by email. Click the link to read the post and browse other content. It’s that simple. No spam.

I enjoy seeing who is new to Watercress Words. When you subscribe, I will visit your blog or website. Thanks and see you next time.

Dr. Aletha