Expert Steps to Prevent and Manage Diabetes

This post introduces National Diabetes Month, aimed at raising diabetes awareness and promoting prevention and management. Diabetes causes high blood glucose due to insufficient insulin. Lifestyle changes, regular screenings, and medication adherence are essential for managing diabetes. Understanding risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can effectively prevent or delay diabetes onset and complications.

This information is current as of the date of original publication or update. It may have changed by the time you read this. I invite you to fact-check what you read here.

This information is not intended for diagnosis or treatment. Before making health decisions, discuss with your physician or other qualified healthcare provider to decide what is right for you.

National Diabetes Month

November is National Diabetes Month, designated to raise awareness of diabetes. Taking steps to prevent or manage diabetes may lower your risk of developing health problem related to diabetes.

Diabetes is a disease that causes too much of the body’s blood glucose, also called blood sugar, to accumulate in the bloodstream. Glucose is your body’s main source of energy. Glucose comes from the food you eat, and your body can make it.

Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas,  helps glucose get into your cells to be used for energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough—or any—insulin, or doesn’t use insulin properly. Without insulin, glucose doesn’t reach your cells.

Diabetes isn’t just about the pancreas. Diabetes affects the eyes, kidneys, nerves, skin, and heart. Diabetes is also linked to some types of cancer.

Knowledge plus action can prevent diabetes health problems.

Stats to Know about Diabetes

As of 2019, 37.3 million people—or 11.3% of the U.S. population—had diabetes.

More than 1 in 4 people over the age of 65 had diabetes. 

Nearly 1 in 4 adults with diabetes didn’t know they had the disease.

About 90% to 95% of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes.

Know About Pre-diabetes

Prediabetes is defined as a blood sugar level that is in the higher end of the normal range, but not high enough to diagnose diabetes. While many of these people don’t develop diabetes, it does indicate a higher risk, so is worth knowing about and checking regularly. 

Since 2001, the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) research study has shown that intensive lifestyle interventions and select medications are cost-effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. 

Learn Your Risk for Diabetes.

You are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you have overweight or obesity; are age 35 or older; have a family history of diabetes; are African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic or Latino, or Pacific Islander; are not physically active; or have prediabetes.

The exact reasons these factors increase the chance of diabetes is not known. Scientists suspect genetics plays a role. Lifestyle may also impact one’s risk. 

Later in this post you can discover your risk for diabetes with a simple online test.

The ABCs of Diabetes 

Manage your blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.

Preventing diabetes or managing diabetes as soon as possible after diagnosis may help prevent diabetes health problems. You can start by managing your diabetes ABCs.

A is for the A1C test (hemoglobin A1C) that health care professionals use to measure your average blood glucose levels. Some people with diabetes also use devices to track their blood glucose throughout the day and night.

  • B is for Blood pressure.
  • C is for Cholesterol.
  • S is for Stop Smoking

Ask your health care team what your ABCs goals should be.

Develop a Healthy Lifestyle

Lifestyle habits like planning healthy meals, being physically active, getting enough sleep, and not smoking may help you prevent diabetes or manage your diabetes ABCs.

You don’t have to do it all at once. Start slow and build healthier habits from there.

Four illustrations of a family with the text: 1) Make sleep a priority, 2) Try a relaxing activity, 3) Focus on positivity, and 4) Eat healthy, regular meals and stay hydrated.

Using Diabetes Medications 

Remember to take your medicines even if you feel healthy. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you have trouble taking your medicines on time or at the correct dose.

If you have trouble paying for medication, your doctor may suggest less costly alternatives. 

Insulin pumps contain enough insulin for several days. An infusion set carries insulin from the pump to the body through flexible plastic tubing and a soft tube or needle inserted under the skin.

Weight and Diabetes 

If you have overweight or obesity, ask your primary care provider if healthy eating, physical activity, or other weight-loss treatments may help you manage your weight.

You may prevent or delay diabetes by losing 5 to 7 percent of your starting weight. Use the Diabetes Risk Management Calculator to determine how much weight you can lose to help reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Manage Stress and Emotions

Managing diabetes can be hard. If you feel down, sad, or overwhelmed, learn about healthy ways to cope with stress. Consider talking to a mental health counselor or joining a support group.

Work with your Healthcare Team.

Managing diabetes takes a team. Your health care team may include a primary care provider, diabetes specialist, registered dietitian, or certified diabetes educator.

Ask your primary care provider if you should talk with other health care professionals about preventing or managing diabetes. These might include specialists for

  • feet-podiatrists,
  • skin-dermatologists,
  • heart-cardiologists,
  • eyes-opthalmologists.

Diabetes medicines, devices, and office visits can be expensive. A social worker or a member of your health care team may be able to help you find community resources or financial help for diabetes care.

Your health insurance provider may offer additional services to manage diabetes. Some employers offer preventive medicine services to their employees and their dependents.

Post Images and Graphics

The images and graphics are public use from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health. I drew most of the content from the NIKKD website and added my insights.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), is part of the National Institutes of Health. NIDDK research creates knowledge about and treatments for diseases that are among the most chronic, costly, and consequential for patients, their families, and the Nation.

Cover Image

The cover image of this post was created by JetPackAI available with WordPress.

Awareness and Action

There is much more to know about diabetes but the main point I hope you take away from this post is the importance of getting screened for diabetes. Take this short test to assess your risk.

Assess Your Risk

What was your score? Mine was 5 out of 10, that’s considered high risk. I knew that because my father had diabetes and developed heart disease as a result. I lost him to his disease many years ago. I wish his diabetes had been discovered sooner and that he had done more to keep it well controlled.

Once you are screened, ask your health care provider how often it should be repeated. There is no one right answer, it depends largely on your risk factors. Anytime you feel seriously ill, especially if you have any of the symptoms of diabetes, you should be tested again.

Testing for diabetes is a simple blood test, relatively inexpensive, so there is no reason not to test adults. Children and teenagers need testing less often, unless there are significant risk factors.

Learn more about diabetes signs in this post

10 Silent Signs of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus type 2, often linked to obesity, complicates blood glucose control for overweight individuals. It contributes to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and neuropathy. Early diagnosis and effective management through lifestyle changes and medication are crucial. Everyone should be aware of symptoms and high-risk factors for diabetes.

Exploring the HEART of Health

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Fluoride and Food Stamps: Why You Should Care About Oklahoma’s Health Debate

HHS Secretary Robert Kennedy Jr. recently met with Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt to unveil a health initiative aiming to improve state health outcomes. The plan, which targets public water fluoridation and restricts SNAP purchases of sugary items, faced immediate backlash from local physicians advocating for evidence-based healthcare and better nutritional support for low-income families. In this post I give you my viewpoint.

Oklahoma, where the wind comes sweepin’ down the plain,

Oklahoma!, by Oscar Hammerstein II

You’ve probably heard my state song. It’s from a famous Broadway musical that was made into a movie, both titled Oklahoma!.

This past week HHS Secretary Robert Kennedy Jr. swept into Oklahoma City to meet with Governor Kevin Stitt to discuss his plan to “Make Oklahoma Healthy Again.” As Secretary, Kennedy’s job is to promote President Trump’s plan to “Make America Healthy Again.”

Maybe he should have scheduled a visit with Oklahoma physicians. They showed up anyway and did not exactly agree with Kennedy’s and Stitt’s priorities-fluoride in the water supply, red food dyes, and how recipients can use SNAP money (food stamps).

I’m sharing an article from Oklahoma Voice about it and what the Oklahoma State Medical Association (OSMA) posted on its website.

You may not live in Oklahoma but something similar is likely to happen in your state if it hasn’t already. I’ll conclude this post with my take on what both sides say.

Governor reveals  ‘Make Oklahoma Healthy Again’ plan with RFK  for bans on soda, red dye

By: Janelle Stecklein – June 26, 2025 1:57 pm

republished from Oklahoma Voice

OKLAHOMA CITY — In a move quickly panned by licensed health care providers, Gov. Kevin Stitt announced Thursday that he planned to “Make Oklahoma Healthy Again” by urging state agencies to stop supporting public water fluoridation, removing red food dyes from school and prison meals, and by asking the federal government to approve a request that bans food stamp recipients from purchasing soda and candy.

Stitt’s pledge came minutes after Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the nation’s secretary of Health and Human Services, criticized the state for having the 47th worst health outcomes during a raucous “MOHA” kickoff rally that drew hundreds of people to the state Capitol.

Gov. Kevin Stitt, center, pens his name during a ceremonial signing of an executive order to “Make Oklahoma Healthy Again,” as Robert F. Kennedy Jr., right, the nation’s secretary of health, and other supporters look on Thursday, June 26, 2025. (Photo by Janelle Stecklein/Oklahoma Voice)

Make Oklahoma Eat Healthy

Oklahoma has become the latest conservative state to submit a waiver to the U.S. Department of Agriculture that seeks to ban the state’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program recipients from using their benefits to buy sodas, candies and other confectionery items, Stitt said. Tax dollars will no longer “continue to fund foods that are making people sick,” he said.

State officials will also work with the U.S. Department of Agriculture to find more ways to promote healthy eating and to make food stamp funding go further. 

“Eating healthy foods today is going to reduce health care spending and dietary related illnesses later on in life,” Stitt said.

Fluoride and Dyes

The Republican governor also said he’s instructed the Oklahoma State Department of Health to stop recommending fluoride in public water.

“Cities and water districts, they can still choose to do what they want, based on their constituents and the science, but it’s no longer going to be a recommendation for the state health department,” Stitt said.

And Stitt said he’s instructed all state agencies that provide meals to Oklahomans to discontinue their use of artificial dyes. He also plans to convene an advisory counsel to recommend other changes that can improve health outcomes across the state.

SCREENSHOT OF LOCAL NEWSPAPER COVERAGE, SOURCE NOT IDENTIFIED

Oklahoma’s Physicians Go to OKC

Stitt’s plans immediately faced criticism from licensed medical providers who showed up en masse at the rally, holding signs reading “Support Evidence-Based Health Care”, “Encourage Immunizations,” and “Protect Medicaid.” 

Dr. Steven Crawford, chair of the Oklahoma Alliance for Healthy Families, said it would be “disastrous” for children’s health to remove fluoride from water.

“We do know that appropriate public water fluoridation prevents cavities,” he said. “And how do you help children get better nutrition when they don’t have adequate dentition or teeth to be able to eat the food? So I am so sad that the governor is advocating removing appropriate fluoride from public water.”

it would be “disastrous” for children’s health to remove fluoride from water…appropriate public water fluoridation prevents cavities. And how do you help children get better nutrition when they don’t have adequate dentition or teeth to eat the food?

Dr. Steven Crawford, Family Physician,Professor Emeritus,
Senior Associate Dean, Office of Healthcare Innovation and Policy , University of Oklahoma College of Medicine

Crawford said fluoridation of public water and immunizations are two of the major health benefits over the past century and have been critical to improving the state’s and nation’s health outcomes.

He said removing candy and sugary drinks from the list of approved food stamp items isn’t inappropriate, but Stitt neglected to mention that many recipients already don’t get enough resources to buy healthy foods.

The governor also didn’t discuss increasing food stamp funding to ensure children are getting adequate nutrition, particularly during the summer months when they are not eating at school, he said.

Secretary Kennedy avoids vaccine mention

Kennedy, who participated in a staged, ceremonial executive order signing with Stitt, praised the governor’s actions. 

“I am so gratified by these actions that are being taken by Gov. Stitt to make Oklahoma healthy again,” Kennedy said.

Spectators heckled Kennedy throughout his speech that focused on America’s soaring rates of obesity, diabetes, and autism, declines in the nation’s fertility rates, and a drop in American teenage boys’ testosterone levels.

Kennedy, who has been criticized as being a vaccine skeptic, did not mention immunizations during his address.

At one point, a state trooper was seen escorting two bystanders from the crowd after one began shouting something unintelligible at Kennedy. A spokesperson for the Oklahoma Highway Patrol did not respond to a request for comment about the encounter.

Kennedy said when people ask him if he’s taking soda and sugary drinks away from Americans, he tells them that they should have the right to drink a bottle of soda.

“We live in a country where we have individual freedom,” he said. 

The federal government just should not be paying for it, he said.

“We’re paying for them at the front end by buying soda for the poorest Americans, and then we’re paying for it (on) the back end with this diabetes, for Medicaid and Medicare,” Kennedy said. “And it doesn’t make any sense. We are poisoning the American people.”

He said electing leaders like Stitt will change the way we do things in the U.S. to give American children a better chance of growing up healthy.

This story is republished under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

“Solutions not Slogans” from Oklahoma Doctors

Many of the physicians who attended the event are members of the OSMA, the Oklahoma State Medical Association. (I am a Life Member of the OSMA).

The event was not announced in advance, but with short notice they left their practices for the day to attend the meeting. They also offered their own solutions for “making Oklahoma’s citizens healthy.”

“We agree that Oklahoma’s health needs must be addressed, but we don’t need Washington slogans. We need real solutions and Oklahoma policymakers who are willing to stand up for Oklahoma patients,”

Oklahoma State Medical Association President Sumit Nanda, M.D.
Physicians advocate for evidence-based healthcare, hospital funding, immunizations, and Medicaid; from Facebook

“Primary care is the front line of better health—and that includes science-backed public health efforts like vaccines, preventive care, and chronic disease management.

When we ignore evidence, devalue education, and politicize science, we don’t just fall behind—we fail our people.”

Oklahoma Academy of Family Physicians President Rachel Franklin, M.D., FAAFP

Five Practical Ways to Make Oklahoma Healthy

from the OSMA website

  1. Invest in health care infrastructure and education by funding hospitals in rural and urban parts of the state, increasing educational opportunities for doctors and dentists, and growing incentives for them to practice in underserved areas.
  2. Educate Oklahomans about the importance of science-based preventive health care, including wellness visits, dental visits, immunizations, and fluoridation of public water.
  3. Put Oklahoma tax dollars back in Oklahoma by restoring the DOGE funding cuts to health care.
  4. Stop insurance company overreach. When insurance companies delay or deny care recommended by a doctor or dentist, patients pay the price.
  5. Protect Oklahoma’s children and most vulnerable patients by ensuring Medicaid is fully funded.

“where health comes sweepin’down the plain”

These issues and ideas are not unique to Oklahoma. All states need these practical solutions to promote healthy lifestyles and provide optimal medical care when needed.

Contrary to what RFK and others say, physicians are not “keeping patients sick” just to make money. Quite the contrary. Physicians are frustrated because their efforts to prevent illness are often not supported by insurance companies, businesses, the government, and sometimes patients themselves.

Physicians know that food intake plays a major role in promoting health and preventing disease. But trying to micromanage people’s diets by limiting their choices may not be the most efficient and effective way to do so.

Limiting SNAP recipients’ choices seems punitive, not helpful. And I wonder how it will be enforced. What counts as “soda” and what exactly is “candy”? Fruit juice is as high in sugar as soft drinks. Limiting a single source of excess sugar is unlikely to make much difference overall. Perhaps they should provide incentives for buying fresh produce.

The governor didn’t say to ban fluoride in the drinking water, but forbids the state health department from recommending it. If the health department can’t endorse something as basic as fluoride to prevent cavities, then why even exist? And maybe that’s the point.

“Healthcare should be backed by science and carried out by healthcare providers with their patients. Preventive care, immunizations and regular wellness checks are vital in protecting an individual’s health.

Dr. Steven Crawford, Chairman of the Oklahoma Alliance for Healthy Families.

Oklahoma doctors will continue advocating for the health and healthcare of our citizens and I hope the physicians in your area do the same.

Please learn about healthcare issues in your state. Feel inspired to do your part to keep your family and community healthy. I use these sources for state and national healthcare news.

KFF Health News

Health Care-News From The States

Exploring the HEART of Health

Here’s the link to listen to Oklahoma!, my state song.

Oklahoma State Song and Anthem

I’d love for you to follow this blog. I share information and inspiration to help you turn health challenges into health opportunities.

Add your name to the subscribe box to be notified of new posts by email. Click the link to read the post and browse other content. It’s that simple. No spam.

I enjoy seeing who is new to Watercress Words. When you subscribe, I will visit your blog or website. Thanks and see you next time.

Dr. Aletha

Find my other posts on this topic, or any others you need information about.

You can watch the movie Oklahoma! on Amazon Prime at this link